Male reproductive system and simulated high-altitude environment: preliminary results in rats / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study assessed the effects of a simulated high-altitude environment on the reproductive system of prepubertal male rats and the reversibility of these effects upon return to a normal environment. Three-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups that were exposed to different conditions: a normal environment for 6 weeks and 12 weeks, respectively, hypobaric hypoxia for 6 weeks, and hypobaric hypoxia for 6 weeks followed by a normal environment for 6 weeks. Multiple pathophysiological parameters were evaluated at the histological, endocrine, and molecular levels. Hypobaric hypoxia exposure for 6 weeks during the prepubertal phase significantly altered physiological parameters, body functions, blood indices, and reproductive potential. Six weeks after returning to a normal environment, the damaged reproductive functions partially recovered due to compensatory mechanisms. However, several changes were not reversed after returning to a normal environment for 6 weeks, including disorders of body development and metabolism, increased red blood cells, increased fasting blood glucose, abnormal blood lipid metabolism, decreased testicular and epididymis weights, abnormal reproductive hormone levels, excessive apoptosis of reproductive cells, and decreased sperm concentration. In summary, a hypobaric hypoxic environment significantly impaired the reproductive function of prepubertal male rats, and a return to normal conditions during the postpubertal phase did not fully recover these impairments.

Study on emergency metabolic changes of Anopheles sinensis larvae following exposure to deltamethrin / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the changes of small molecular metabolites in the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of Anopheles sinensis following exposure to deltamethrin, so as to provide the scientific basis for investigating the metabolic pathway and screening metabolic markers of deltamethrin in An. sinensis. Methods The 50% and 75% lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC75) of deltamethrin against the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis were calculated in laboratory. The type and content of An. sinensis larvae metabolites were detected using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) following exposure to deltamethrin at LC50 and LC75 for 30 min and 24 h, and the changes of metabolites were analyzed. Results The LC50 and LC75 values of deltamethrin were 4.36 × 10-3 µg/mL and 1.12 × 10-2 µg/mL against thelarvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis. Following exposure of the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis to deltamethrin at LC50 and LC75 for 30 min, the differential metabolites mainly included organic oxygen compounds, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, fatty acyl and pyrimidine nucleotides, with reduced glucose levels. Following exposure for 24 h, the differential metabolites mainly included organic oxygen compounds, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, aliphatic acyl and purine nucleotides, with increased glucose level detected. Conclusion Carbohydrate, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, fatty acyls, amino acids and their derivatives may play important roles in deltamethrin metabolism in the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis.

Surveillance of Culex mosquitoes in Jiangsu Province from 2018 to 2019 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution and density of Culex mosquito populations and the resistance of Culex pipiens pallens to insecticides in Jiangsu Province in 2018 and 2019. Methods During the period from June to October in 2018 and 2019, six counties (districts, cities) were sampled in southern, northern and central Jiangsu Province as surveillance sites. The density of Culex mosquitoes was measured overnight using the light trapping technique. In addition, Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes were collected from Hai’an of Nantong City and Yandu District of Yancheng City, central Jiangsu Province, and the sensitivity of female first filial generations to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), malation, proposur, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin was tested using the standard WHO insecticide susceptibility test assay. Results A total of 104 423 Culex mosquitoes were captured in six surveillance sites of Jiangsu Province in 2018 and 2019, and Culex quinquefasciatus (49.11%), Culex pipiens pallens (28.38%), and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (21.04%) were predominant species. The density of Culex mosquitoes started to increase since early June, peaked in July and tended to be low in late October. Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes captured from Hai’an was susceptible to malation, while those from Yandu District were moderately resistant to malation. Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes from both Yandu and Hai’an were moderately resistant to proposur, and were resistant to DDT, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Conclusions Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens pallens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus are predominant Culex species in Jiangsu Province. Culex pipiens pallens is resistant to DT, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin in central Jiangsu Province.

Results analysis of Jiangsu Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory in 2017 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the results of samples testing of Jiangsu Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory in 2017, so as to provide the evidence for improving the malaria diagnostic performance in this province. Methods The samples of reported malaria cases in Jiangsu were collected by the provincial reference laboratory (PRL) in 2017. The microscopy and nucleic acid test were performed to confirm the infection of Plasmodium species of each case, while Plasmodium antigen tests (rapid diagnostic test, RDT) were performed as well. The detection results were analyzed among different areas and different species. Results Totally 242 malaria cases were reported and the samples were collected by PRL in 2017. A total of 239 cases were confirmed Plasmodium infections, including 163 cases of Plasmodium falciparum infection, 21 cases of P. vivax infection, 11 cases of P. malariae infection, 43 cases of P. ovale infection, and 1 case of P. falciparum and P. ovale mixed-infection. The diagnostic coincidence rates of reported malaria case in 13 prefectures with districts were all > 80%, and the total coincidence rate was 88.8%. The species diagnostic coincidence rates of P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale were 98.8%, 57.1%, 63.6%, and 81.4% respectively, and the detection rates by RDT to those four species infections were 95.7%, 85.0%, 63.6% and 79.1% respectively. Conclusions In 2017, the malaria diagnostic quality of medical technicians is generally high in Jiangsu Province. However, the diagnostic capacity is slightly different among different regions, and the ability to identify non- P. falciparum parasites remains to be improved. RDT is not ideal for the detection of non-P. falciparum infection. In the current stage of malaria elimination, the malaria diagnostic capacity of technicians in all the sectors should be strengthened and maintained.

Results analysis of Jiangsu Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory in 2017 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the results of samples testing of Jiangsu Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory in 2017, so as to provide the evidence for improving the malaria diagnostic performance in this province. Methods The samples of reported malaria cases in Jiangsu were collected by the provincial reference laboratory (PRL) in 2017. The microscopy and nucleic acid test were performed to confirm the infection of Plasmodium species of each case, while Plasmodium antigen tests (rapid diagnostic test, RDT) were performed as well. The detection results were analyzed among different areas and different species. Results Totally 242 malaria cases were reported and the samples were collected by PRL in 2017. A total of 239 cases were confirmed Plasmodium infections, including 163 cases of Plasmodium falciparum infection, 21 cases of P. vivax infection, 11 cases of P. malariae infection, 43 cases of P. ovale infection, and 1 case of P. falciparum and P. ovale mixed-infection. The diagnostic coincidence rates of reported malaria case in 13 prefectures with districts were all > 80%, and the total coincidence rate was 88.8%. The species diagnostic coincidence rates of P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale were 98.8%, 57.1%, 63.6%, and 81.4% respectively, and the detection rates by RDT to those four species infections were 95.7%, 85.0%, 63.6% and 79.1% respectively. Conclusions In 2017, the malaria diagnostic quality of medical technicians is generally high in Jiangsu Province. However, the diagnostic capacity is slightly different among different regions, and the ability to identify non- P. falciparum parasites remains to be improved. RDT is not ideal for the detection of non-P. falciparum infection. In the current stage of malaria elimination, the malaria diagnostic capacity of technicians in all the sectors should be strengthened and maintained.

Progress in researches on molecular markers of non-Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

With the long-term and widespread application of antimalarial drugs, Plasmodium falciparum has gradually produced resistance to antimalarial drugs. At present, there are more researches on the molecular markers of P. falciparum drug resistance, while less attention has been paid to the molecular markers of non-P. falciparum drug resistance. In order to provide the reference for rational drug use in clinical treatment and reference for molecular monitoring of antimalarial drug sensitivity of non-P. falciparum, this paper reviews the researches on the common molecular markers related to non-P. falciparum drug resistance.

Construction and application of malaria biobank / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

To establish a systemized malaria biobank with well-rounded epidemiologic data and a computer-aid management system, thus to provide qualified sources for malaria elimination and human malaria research.The malaria biobank was based on the platform of Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases. The blood smear samples, dried blood samples, whole blood samples and parasite strains isolated from patients (from both local and imported cases) were collected since 2011 according to a standardized operational procedure. The biobank management software was applied to input of the epidemiological data and samples, and the quality of samples was monitored regularly.A standard malaria biobank was established. The Information Management System was applied to input, storage and output of samples. Totally 99.42% (2 223/2 236) of the blood smear samples, 92.58% (2 070/2 236) of the dried blood samples, 94.50% (2 113/2 236) of whole blood, and 2.06% (46/2 236) of the isolated stains in 2 236 reported cases were included in the malaria biobank in Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2017. Based on the malaria biobank, 99.42% (2 223/2 236) of the blood smears and 82.74% (1 850/2 236) of DNA (from dried blood and whole blood samples) from malaria patients in Jiangsu Province were re-checked. Moreover, the samples in the malaria biobank were used in the studies of the mechanism of parasite drug resistance, malaria molecular epidemiology, and diagnosis technology development and evaluation.The establishment of malaria biobank provides a guarantee for malaria elimination in Jiangsu Province and also provides a qualified resource for malaria research.

Study on expression characteristics of cytochrome P450 genes in Anopheles sinensis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To explore the expression characteristics of cytochrome P450(CYP)candidate genes(CYP6M3, CYP6Y1,CYP6P5,CYP4H14,CYP4G17,CYP12F16)in Anopheles sinensis.Methods The samples were collected from dif-ferent developmental stages(eggs,larvae,pupae and adult mosquitoes(females and males)),and different tissues(salivary glands,malpighian tubes,midguts,ovaries,and fat bodies)of An.sinensis and the female adult mosquitoes exposed by differ-ent insecticide doses(0,1.25,3.75,6.25,12.5μg/bottle)and time points(0,5,15,30,60 minutes),then the total RNA was extracted. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qPCR)assay was used to analyze the relative expressions of six CYP genes in An.sinensis at different developmental stages,tissues and different insecticide exposure doses and time.Results The expressions of CYP6M3 and CYP6Y1 in the male adult mosquitoes were the highest,the expression of CYP6M3 gene in the males was 35.1 times higher than that in the females,the expression of CYP6Y1 in the males was 61.4 times higher than that in the females;the expression level of CYP4H14 in the larvae was the lowest,the expression of CYP4H14 in the females was 22.5 times higher than that in the fourth instar larvae.The expressions of candidate CYP genes in different tissues of An.sinensis were significantly different,the expression of CYP6M3 in the malpighian tubule was 38.9 times higher than that in the ovary,the ex-pression of CYP6Y1 in the fatbody was 9.1 times higher than that in the ovary,the expression of CYP4G17 was 4.6 times higher than that in the ovary,and the expression of CYP12F16 was 4.4 times higher thanthat in the ovary.The exposure to different in-secticide doses and time showed some induction effects in the expressions of candidate CYP genes,which affected the expres-sions of candidate CYP genes in An.sinensis.Conclusion The expression of candidate CYP genes varies significantly in differ-ent developmental stages and various tissues of An.sinensis,and exposure to deltamethrin at various doses and time points af-fects CYP genes expression in An.sinensis.

Analysis of Correlation of Immune T Cell Subsets, TNF-α, IFN-γ and sFas levels with Severity and Prognosis in Aplastic Anemia Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation of immune T cell subsets and expression levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and sFas with the severity and prognosis of aplastic anemia(AA) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-five patients with aplastic anemia treated in our hospital were selected and enrolled in AA group, 43 cases of which were included in the acute group and 52 cases in the chronic group according to the disease status of patient's. Then, 50 cases of healthy volunteers in the same period were enrolled in the control group, and the changes of immune T cell subsets, and sFas serum TNF-α, IFN-γ and levels of the 3 groups were compared. The ROC curve was used to analyze the value of each index for evaluating the severity of the disease, 95 patients with aplastic anemia were followed up and the Kaplan-Miere survival curve was used to analyze the effect of different index levels on the progression-free survival of the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>the serum level of CD4 level and CD4 /CD8 ratio in AA group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the CD8 level in AA group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The CD4 level and CD4 /CD8 ratio in the acute group was significantly lower than those in the chronic group (P<0.05), and the CD8 level in the acute group was significantly higher than that in the chronic group (P<0.05). The serum level of TNF-α and IFN-γ of the patients in AA group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the level of sFas in AA group was significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-α and IFN-γ in the acute group were significantly higher than that in the chronic group (P<0.05), and the level of sFas was significantly lower than that in the chronic group (P<0.05). The analysis of each index value for predicting the severity of AA by ROC showed that the area under curve of CD4 /CD8 , TNF-α, IFN-γ and sFas for predicting the patients' condition was 0.954, 0.763, 0.853 and 0.857, respectively. Kaplan-Miere survival curve analysis showed that CD4 /CD8 ratio had a significant effect on progression-free survival (P<0.05), the TNF-α, IFN-γ and sFas levels had no significant effect on progression-free survival (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The patients with aplastic anemia have significantly abnormal T lymphocyte subsets, there is a certain correlation between the serum TNF-α, IFN-γ and sFas levels with aplastic anemia, each index can reflect the disease severity, and the changes of T lymphocyte subsets has important influence on the clinical prognosis of the patients.</p>

A Multicenter Clinical Study on Electroacupuncture and Massotherapy plus Behavior Therapy for Cervical Spondylosis / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture and (or) massotherapy plus behavior therapy for cervical spondylosis.Methods Three hundred patients with cervical spondylosis were randomly allocated to three groups (A, B and C) by random number generated from calculator, 100 cases each. In addition to cupping and behavior therapy, group A received electroacupuncture; group B, massotherapy; group C, electroacupuncture and massotherapy. The clinical symptom and sign score was recorded in the three groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical control rate, marked control rate and total efficacy rate among the three groups after four and eight weeks of treatment and at the 4-month and 6-month follow-ups after treatment (P>0.05). In the three groups, there was a statistically significant difference in the clinical symptom and sign score between before treatment and after four and eight weeks of treatment or at the 4-month and 6-month follow-ups after treatment (P<0.01) and between after four weeks of treatment and after eight weeks of treatment or at the 4-month and 6-month follow-ups after treatment (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant differences in the clinical symptom and sign score among the three groups after four and eight weeks of treatment and at the 4-month and 6-month follow-ups after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusions Electroacupuncture and (or) massotherapy plus behavior therapy is an effective protocol for preventing and treating cervical spondylosis. It is characterized by simplicity, convenience, easiness and cheapness and can be provide for clinical application.

A Multicenter Clinical Study on Electroacupuncture and Massotherapy plus Behavior Therapy for Cervical Spondylosis / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture and (or) massotherapy plus behavior therapy for cervical spondylosis.Methods Three hundred patients with cervical spondylosis were randomly allocated to three groups (A, B and C) by random number generated from calculator, 100 cases each. In addition to cupping and behavior therapy, group A received electroacupuncture; group B, massotherapy; group C, electroacupuncture and massotherapy. The clinical symptom and sign score was recorded in the three groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical control rate, marked control rate and total efficacy rate among the three groups after four and eight weeks of treatment and at the 4-month and 6-month follow-ups after treatment (P>0.05). In the three groups, there was a statistically significant difference in the clinical symptom and sign score between before treatment and after four and eight weeks of treatment or at the 4-month and 6-month follow-ups after treatment (P<0.01) and between after four weeks of treatment and after eight weeks of treatment or at the 4-month and 6-month follow-ups after treatment (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant differences in the clinical symptom and sign score among the three groups after four and eight weeks of treatment and at the 4-month and 6-month follow-ups after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusions Electroacupuncture and (or) massotherapy plus behavior therapy is an effective protocol for preventing and treating cervical spondylosis. It is characterized by simplicity, convenience, easiness and cheapness and can be provide for clinical application.

Yam polysaccharide improves sperm viability and protects sperm DNA integrity in vitro / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To clarify the roles of yam polysaccharide (YPS) in improving sperm viability and protecting sperm DNA integrity in vitro and provide a new approach to the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia.@*METHODS@#We collected samples by masturbation from 36 normal fertile males aged 27－39 years. Each sample was divided into six groups: blank control or treated with normal saline, vitamin C solution, and YPS solution at low (0.25 mg/ml), medium (1.0 mg/ml) or high concentration (5.0 mg/ml). Using eosin-Y staining, sperm hypotonic swelling (HOS) and sperm chromatin diffusion (SCD) test, we observed the effects of different concentrations of YPS on sperm viability, membrane integrity and nuclear DNA.@*RESULTS@#After 24 and 48 hours of treatment, sperm viability was markedly reduced in the vitamin C (［28.5 ± 3.1］ and ［6.5 ± 1.2］%), low-YPS (［31.3 ± 3.5］ and ［6.5 ± 2.2］%), medium-YPS (［37.1 ± 3.5］ and ［9.5 ± 2.8］%) and high-YPS groups (［38.3 ± 3.3］ and ［9.0 ± 3.2］%) as compared with the blank control (［17.3 ± 2.1］ and ［3.2 ± 1.3］%) (P 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Yam polysaccharide can improve sperm viability and protect sperm DNA integrity in vitro.

Epithelioid hemangioma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 7 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of epithelioid hemangioma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The morphologic features of 7 cases of epithelioid hemangioma of skin, bone and venous vessels were studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were altogether 4 male and 3 female patients (median age = 34 years; age range from 14 to 54 years). The 3 skin cases presented as single or multiple erythematous to bluish nodules or papules, with or without itchiness. The 2 bone cases appeared as osteolytic expansile lesions on radiologic examination. The remaining 2 cases involved medium-sized venous structures and presented as small isolated nodules in soft tissue. Histologically, the lesions were characterized by the presence of exuberant endothelial proliferations with various degree of inflammatory reaction. The neoplastic endothelial cells were plump, eosinophilic and polygonal, forming vascular channels. Occasional solid sheet-like arrangement was demonstrated. Intracytoplasmic vacuoles were commonly identified, indicating formation of primary lumen. The surrounding stroma contained various number of eosinophils and lymphoplasmacytic cells. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for endothelial markers (CD31 and CD34) and negative for epithelial marker (cytokeratin). Follow-up information was available in 6 cases. The duration of follow-up ranged from 5 to 36 months (median = 14 months). There was no evidence of recurrence or distant metastasis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Epithelioid hemangioma is a rare benign curable lesion which can be multifocal, involving skin, soft tissue and bone. It needs to be distinguished from Kimura's disease and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.</p>

Effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone mineral density in adolescent women / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) as a hormonal contraceptive is highly effective and widely used, but it may reduce bone mineral density (BMD) and increase the risk of osteoporosis. We compared BMD between users of intramuscular DMPA and nonhormonal subjects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study included 102 women aged between 16 and 18 years using DMPA for 24 months and 97 women aged between 16 and 18 years using nonhormonal contraception as nonusers control group. BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured every 12 months for 24 months using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, comparing mean BMD changes in DMPA users and nonusers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences between groups at baseline in age, gynecologic age, body mass index (BMI), lumbar spine BMD and femoral neck BMD, etc. At 24 months of DMPA treatment, the mean percentage change from baseline in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD values had decreased by 1.88% and 2.32%, respectively. The mean lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in DMPA group at 24 months were not significantly different compared to baseline (P = 0.212 and P = 0.106, respectively). In comparison, in nonhormonal control group, there was a trend toward increasing BMD. At 24 months of observation, the mean percentage change from baseline in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD had increased by 2.08% and 1.46%, respectively. There were no significant difference compared to baseline (P = 0.160 and P = 0.288, respectively). Mean BMD at the spine and femoral neck did not differ significantly between DMPA users and nonusers over 12-month, but the BMD values at both anatomical sites were significantly lower in DMPA users compared with nonusers after 24-month treatment (P = 0.009 and P = 0.009, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The evidence of our study suggested that the use of DMPA for short-term (≤12-month) has no significant effects on BMD at spine and femoral neck, but long-term exposure to DMPA may prevent the bone mass accrual in adolescents.</p>

Rhabdomyolosis and its pathogenesis / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyolysis may cause severe damage to the human body because of acute renal failure, fatal heart rhythm disturbances, hypovolemic shock, disturbances of electrolyte balance, metabolic acidosis, hyperthermia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, etc. Drugs and toxins are the most common factors for the disease. This article aimed to review the prognosis of rhabdomyolysis. DATA SOURCES: Based on the reported studies of cell and molecular biology, we reviewed the clinical presentations, laboratory findings, and mechanisms of rhabdomyolysis in the Pubmed. RESULTS: The clinical symptoms of rhabdomyolysis were dependent on the severity of the condition and whether kidney failure develops. Since the necrosis and dissolution of muscle cells, entocytes such as myoglobin, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), electrolytes, proteins and non-protein substances were released into the plasma, the detection of the entocytes may contribute to the early diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. CONCLUSION: Despite the etiology of the disease is multifactorial, the potential causes of rhabdomyolysis share the same pathophysiological pathway involving an increase in intracel ular calcium.

Mitochondrial DNA coding region 3954-4506 polymorphism in Korean Chinese population / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the sequence polymorphism of mtDNA coding region encompassing nt3954-4506 in the Korean Chinese population of Yanbian area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing method were used to detect the haplotype distribution of mtDNA coding region in 198 Korean Chinese individuals.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-one haplotypes were observed in the 198 unrelated individuals. The genetic diversity was 0.5906 and the random match probability was 0.4124. Compared with the Andersonos sequence, 19 nucleotide variants were found, of which 14 were previously registered in MITOMAP, and 5 were novel.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The obtained data suggest that these sequence polymorphisms are valuable genetic markers for personal identification when combined with mtDAN control region investigation, thus could be used as basic data for the forensic application in Korean Chinese population.</p>

Genetic polymorphisms of six X-short tandem repeats loci in Chinese Korean / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of DXS7132, DXS6854, DXS6797, DXS9898, DXS8378 and GATA31E08 short tandem repeats (STRs) loci in Chinese Korean ethnic group of Yanbian, Jilin, and to construct a preliminary database.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The allele frequencies of the six STRs loci in Chinese Korean ethnic individuals were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Total of 8, 6, 8, 8, 5 and 10 alleles were observed in each locus respectively. All loci (in female) met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The statistical analysis of the 6 STR loci showed the heterozygosities were more than 0.4660, the polymorphic information contents (PIC) were more than 0.5293, the haplotype diversity were more than 0.9993, power of discrimination (PD) in females and males were more than 0.7737 and 0.6107, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results showed that, all the 6 STR loci in this study were found to have high heterozygosity and polymorphic information content, so they could provide useful markers for genetic purposes. These results could serve as valuable data to enrich the Chinese Korean ethnic group genetic database and play an important role in genetic study of Chinese population.</p>

Heat shock protein 27 interacts with vimentin and prevents insolubilization of vimentin subunits induced by cadmium

Vimentin is an intermediate filament that regulates cell attachment and subcellular organization. In this study, vimentin filaments were morphologically altered, and its soluble subunits were rapidly reduced via cadmium chloride treatment. Cadmium chloride stimulated three major mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38, and led apoptotic pathway via caspase-9 and caspase-3 activations. In order to determine whether MAPKs were involved in this cadmium-induced soluble vimentin disappearance, we applied MAPK- specific inhibitors (PD98059, SP600125, SB203580). These inhibitors did not abolish the cadmium-induced soluble vimentin disappearance. Caspase and proteosome degradation pathway were also not involved in soluble vimentin disappearance. When we observed vimentin levels in soluble and insoluble fractions, soluble vimentin subunits shifted to an insoluble fraction. As we discovered that heat- shock protein 27 (HSP27) was colocalized and physically associated with vimentin in unstressed cells, the roles of HSP27 with regard to vimentin were assessed. HSP27-overexpressing cells prevented morphological alterations of the vimentin filaments, as well as reductions of soluble vimentin, in the cadmium-treated cells. Moreover, HSP27 antisense oligonucleotide augmented these cadmium-induced changes in vimentin. These findings indicate that HSP27 prevents disruption of the vimentin intermediate filament networks and soluble vimentin disappearance, by virtue of its physical interaction with vimentin in cadmium-treated SK-N-SH cells.

Application of Simple Biopsy Clip by Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous on Renal Biopsy in Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze the safety and diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided biopsy with simple biopsy clip in children.Methods Under simple biopsy clip 52 cases were performed percutaneous renal biopsy.Then the curative rate and the incidence rate of complications were evaluated.Results Of 52 cases,49 cases(94.23%) gained enough renal tissue specimen for histological evaluation;Three failed cases occurred at early stage,nothing was found at later stage.The main complication was macroscopic hematuria occurred only once or twice after the operation and perirenal hematoma in 1.92% of the cases.No other severe complications were found.Conclusions The biopsy clip is convenient and sterile,and can guide the biopsy device exactly and safely.The use of 18-gauge biopsy gun and the automated biopsy device in children can decrease the complication rate,which can be easily performed.